The Image Of The City Kevin Lynch Pdf Free Download
the most important book in the study of the city is lynch’s the image of the city, which perhaps is lynch’s greatest contribution to the development of the livable city. this book is a very comprehensive description of the basic processes and principles that govern the image of the city. it is also a very ambitious book that aims to present a coherent theory of imageability. since the theory is very complex, we will look at it in a somewhat different way than the reader can read the book itself. instead, we will look at the book’s structure and methods, and then trace lynch’s theory of imageability through its premises.
the first chapter of the book begins by describing the history of the city, starting with the pre-historic people that produced the city, moving through its roman, and then medieval incarnation, to the renaissance and the baroque, and finally to the modern city. 38 this chapter is filled with many pictures of the city, as we know it today. this is a unique feature of the book. the images are richly detailed, but not photographically accurate. what is so original about lynch’s approach is that he does not only provide us with a typological description, he also uses these images to illustrate the theory.
the typology of the city that lynch presents is an urban typology. each kind of urban typology can be broken down into several types, which are related to each other in a hierarchy. these types are also represented by a typical building type. for example, the city as we know it today is a type of urbanism that is characterized by a high urban density, a large built-up area, and a large variety of (mostly modern) structures, which are mainly located on the central areas, while the countryside is characterized by a low urban density, a small built-up area, and a large variety of mostly traditional (and very old) structures located on the periphery of the city. this typology is shown in figure 1.
in searching for the answer to the question “what is the city?” lynch looks to a variety of sources, including the history of cities, the writings of urban theorists and critics, and the results of empirical studies of urban form. but one of the clearest and most enduring sources of city definition is the city itself. to illustrate the changing nature of the city, lynch traces the city in its various forms, from the relatively static roman city of the early middle ages to the modern american metropolis. lynch cites the writings of the geographers lewis mumford, john and katharine nearing, and others, who argue that the city is more than a collection of buildings and other physical structures, but an increasingly complex system of social relationships. lynch argues that the city as a system is as real as the physical fabric of the city and contains its own dynamic, and that this must be taken into account in any analysis of its form.
as lynch shows, the forms of the city were determined by the forces of economic growth, population shifts, technological changes, government regulation, and social attitudes, and their interaction. in contrast to some critics, lynch does not see the city as a product of a particular ideological, economic, or social system. rather, the city is a product of the coevolution of society and its physical expression. the city as a social system, lynch writes, has an independent existence–a process of change and growth. people have tried to control this process, but they have had little success. this book explores the reason for this.
it is the most striking example of how an image can help the city dweller to get a fix on the city. its form is instantly understandable. it is the image of the city that gives the city dweller a sense of security. so we can be sure that in the end, the city dweller must feel secure and happy about his place of residence. the visual situation is the key factor in making him so. the city dweller is generally a solitary being, but he cannot help being dependent on images. they represent the framework within which his daily life is organized. the images of his city are the maps of his life. there are many maps in his life, but the map of his city is his most important map. the city is his home.
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